'A 29-year-Old Trainer Dies of Pre-Workout Overdose | Where are we heading??

'A 29-year-Old Trainer Dies of Pre-Workout Overdose | Where are we heading??
09:23 Oct 6, 2023
'Fatal caffeine overdose: two cases reportshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15935584/  For online training WhatsApp 8899143037  News Item https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9418639/Personal-trainer-29-died-caffeine-toxicity-drinking-pre-workout-shake-inquest-hears.html  Check all the references Nehlig A, Daval JL, Debry G. Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1992 May-Aug;17(2):139-70. [PubMed] 2. Mathew OP. Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies. J Perinatol. 2011 May;31(5):302-10. [PubMed] 3. Kugelman A, Durand M. A comprehensive approach to the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011 Dec;46(12):1153-65. [PubMed] 4. Schmidt B. Methylxanthine therapy for apnea of prematurity: evaluation of treatment benefits and risks at age 5 years in the international Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) trial. Biol Neonate. 2005;88(3):208-13. [PubMed] 5. Pesta DH, Angadi SS, Burtscher M, Roberts CK. The effects of caffeine, nicotine, ethanol, and tetrahydrocannabinol on exercise performance. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2013 Dec 13;10(1):71. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 6. Freedman ND, Park Y, Abnet CC, Hollenbeck AR, Sinha R. Association of coffee drinking with total and cause-specific mortality. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 17;366(20):1891-904. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 7. Lara DR. Caffeine, mental health, and psychiatric disorders. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S239-48. [PubMed] 8. Cunha RA, Agostinho PM. Chronic caffeine consumption prevents memory disturbance in different animal models of memory decline. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S95-116. [PubMed] 9. Arendash GW, Schleif W, Rezai-Zadeh K, Jackson EK, Zacharia LC, Cracchiolo JR, Shippy D, Tan J. Caffeine protects Alzheimer\'s mice against cognitive impairment and reduces brain beta-amyloid production. Neuroscience. 2006 Nov 03;142(4):941-52. [PubMed] 10. Santos C, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N. Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S187-204. [PubMed] 11. Ferré S. An update on the mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine. J Neurochem. 2008 May;105(4):1067-79. [PubMed] 12. Fisone G, Borgkvist A, Usiello A. Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Apr;61(7-8):857-72. [PubMed] 13. Echeverri D, Montes FR, Cabrera M, Galán A, Prieto A. Caffeine\'s Vascular Mechanisms of Action. Int J Vasc Med. 2010;2010:834060. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 14. Boekema PJ, Samsom M, van Berge Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. Coffee and gastrointestinal function: facts and fiction. A review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1999;230:35-9. [PubMed] 15. Zandvliet AS, Huitema AD, de Jonge ME, den Hoed R, Sparidans RW, Hendriks VM, van den Brink W, van Ree JM, Beijnen JH. Population pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites theobromine, paraxanthine and theophylline after inhalation in combination with diacetylmorphine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jan;96(1):71-9. [PubMed] 16. Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol Rev. 1999 Mar;51(1):83-133. [PubMed] 17. Verbeeck RK. Pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;64(12):1147-61. [PubMed] 18. Laizure SC, Meibohm B, Nelson K, Chen F, Hu ZY, Parker RB. Comparison of caffeine disposition following administration by oral solution (energy drink) and inspired powder (AeroShot) in human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;83(12):2687-2694. [PMC free article] [PubMed] 19. Kerrigan S, Lindsey T. Fatal caffeine overdose: two case reports. Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Oct 04;153(1):67-9. [PubMed] 20. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Oct;176(1):1-29. [PubMed] 21. Cox C, Hashem NG, Tebbs J, Bookstaver PB, Iskersky V. Evaluation of caffeine and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2015;8(4):339-47. [PubMed]' 
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